Evolution

= Evolution =

People who adapt best to the environment have a greater change of surviving, having children, and passing on their genes to htier offspring.
by Charles Darwin

__ [[image:http://www.jewcy.com/files/images/evolution.img_assist_custom.jpg width="293" height="193" align="left" caption="Theory of natural selection"]]Darwin's theory of natural seletion __
Those members of a species who have characteristics which are better suited to the environment will be more likely to breed, and thus to pass on theise traits.

__**Example**__ When Darwin travelled the Galapagos Island, Finches on different islands had different types of beaks. (The birds on each island had the beak that was most adventageous for the food available in the particular habitat) __**Result of natural selection**__ Adaptation : Species develops characteristic that make it more compettitive in its environment.

//__** The Desecent of Man(1871) **__// Humans have a number of behaviors in common with other animals. e.g. 1) Mate selection 2) Love of mother for offspring 3) self-preservation 4) Facial expression (Apes) 5) Sharing many of the shame feelings as animals

__**A** research **by professor Tetsuro Matsuzawa (2007)**__

__//**1)Aim**//__ It was to examine spatial memory in young chimps.

__//**2)Process**//__ The researchers took three parisof chimps and taught them to recognize the numerals from 1 to 9 on a computer monitor. Both the chimps and the human participants were later seated at a touch-screen monitor in a random sequece. The numbers were then replaced with blank squares. Participant ahd to remember which numeralappeared in which location, and touch the squres in the appropriate sequence

__**3)Findings& Result**__ with blank squres more quickly || -remarkable memory for the spatial distribution of the numbers ||
 * //**Human participants**// || //**Chimpanzees**// ||
 * -**many errors** :accuracy decreased as the numbers were replaced

__Implications __ =>Psychologists argue that it is a necessary adaptation for chimpanzees to have this type of memory so that they can remember where food resources are in the rainforest. Perhaps as agriculture developed,this skill was no longer so essential for human survival.

__Evaluation __

//1. Is the study base on a representative group of people(sample)?// -Yes, it was based on a representative group of smaple for some extent. For human, not only adults bult also children were used for the research. However, only limitation was that a variety of chimpanzee may not be used in the research. So, the experimental chimpanzees cannot be generalized into general population.

//2. Was the study conducted in a laboratory or in a natural setting?// It was conducted in a laboratory.

//3. Were the participants asked to do things that are far from real life?// The participants asked to do was a memory test. The memory test may be far from real life for chimpanzees becuase the chimpanzees never have done the tests before.

//4. Are the fidings of the study supproted by findings of other studies?// The study is supported by many related findings of other chimpanzee studies.

//5. Do the findings have practical relevance?// No, I do not think that the findings have a practical relevance.

//6. Ethical Consideration// Participants were not harmed and imformed about the natrue of the study. Deception was not used, and the true aims and purpose of the research was reealed to the participants.

//**Here's a video that explains a research which is aim to examine spatial memory in young chimps. Enjoy it!**//

media type="youtube" key="zJAH4ZJBiN8?fs=1" height="385" width="640" align="center"

 A Short Answere Question Outline the chimpanzee study done by Tetsuro Matsuzawa, and explain the relationshipbetween the research and adaptation.

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